Robotic object handling system, device and method

ABSTRACT

A robotic object handling system and robotic load handling device for operation thereon is disclosed. The object handling system includes a number of robotic load handling devices operational on a grid-like structure, the structure having sets of parallel tracks, disposed above a hive of stacked bins. The bins contain inventory items to be picked by the system. Load handling devices capable of carrying multiple bins of a single grid-spacing size or single bins of a multiple grid spacings are operational on the grid and retrieve and transport bins under the control of a computerised order picking utility.

The present invention relates to a robotic object handling system, device and method. More specifically but not exclusively, it relates to a range of robotic devices for use in a robotic object handling system and a method extending the variety of items which may be handled in such a system.

This application claims priority from UK Patent Application No GB 1506364.7 filed on 15 Apr. 2015 and UK Patent Application No GB1411254.4 filed on 25 Jun. 2014. The content of both these patent applications is hereby incorporated by reference.

Some commercial and industrial activities require systems that enable the storage and retrieval of a large number of different products. One known type of system for the storage and retrieval of items in multiple product lines involves arranging storage bins or containers in stacks on top of one another, the stacks being arranged in rows. The storage bins or containers are accessed from above, removing the need for aisles between the rows and allowing more containers to be stored in a given space.

Methods of handling containers stacked in rows are well known. In some such systems, for example as described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,701,065 Bertel, comprise free-standing stacks of containers arranged in rows in order to reduce the storage volume associated with storing such containers but yet still providing access to a specific container if required. Access to a given container is made possible by providing relatively complicated hoisting mechanisms which can be used to stack and remove given containers from stacks. The cost of such systems are, however, impractical in many situations and they have mainly been commercialised for the storage and handling of large shipping containers.

The concept of using freestanding stacks of containers and providing a mechanism to retrieve and store specific containers has been developed further, for example as described in EP 0 767 113 B to Cimcorp. This document discloses a mechanism for removing a plurality of stacked containers, using a robotic load handler in the form of a rectangular tube which is lowered around the stack of containers, and which is configured to be able to grip a container at any level in the stack. In this way, several containers can be lifted at once from a stack. The moveable tube can be used to move several containers from the top of one stack to the top of another stack, or to move containers from a stack to an external location and vice versa. Such systems can be particularly useful where all of the containers in a single stack contain the same product (known as a single-product stack).

In the system described in '113, the height of the tube has to be as least as high as the height of the largest stack of containers, so that that the highest stack of containers can be extracted in a single operation. Accordingly, when used in an enclosed space such as a warehouse, the maximum height of the stacks is restricted by the need to accommodate the tube of the load handler.

EP 1037828 B1 (Autostore) the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, describes a system in which stacks of containers are arranged within a frame structure. A system of this type is illustrated schematically in FIGS. 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings. Robotic load handling devices can be controllably moved around the stack on a system of tracks on the upper most surface of the stack.

One form of robotic load handling device is further described in Norwegian patent number 317366, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) are schematic perspective views of a load handling device from the rear and front, respectively, and FIG. 3(c) is a schematic front perspective view of a load handling device lifting a bin.

A further development of load handling device is described in UK Patent Application No. GB1413155.1 filed 24 Jul. 2014 incorporated herein by reference, where each robotic load handler only covers one grid space, thus allowing higher density of load handlers and thus higher throughput of a given size system.

One significant drawback of the prior art systems are that they can only use containers of one specified footprint. In addition, the height of the containers is often constrained by the design of the robotic load handlers. This typically constrains the use of such systems to such items which fit inside the containers. In typical applications, this means that 1-10% of the total volumes in the business needs a different handling method, typically manual. This means added complexity in the system, low productivity and inefficient use of space. The present invention addresses these issues by providing a way of integrating a solution for small volumes of larger products within a system primarily designed for large volumes of smaller items.

In a typical retail or parcel handling situation, the system described above can handle most, but not all of the products or parcels. For most products, it is ideal to use a standard container of approximately 600×400×350 mm (l×w×h), since a container of that size typically holds 90-99% of all products and yet is small enough to be handled manually when the need arises. That size container is also small enough to offer a very large number of containers in a given size building and therefore facilitates the handling of a very large multitude of different products. In some instances of prior art systems it is also possible to use a mixture of the normal height container and lower containers. The purpose of this is to increase the number of containers in a given size system, which can be advantageous under certain conditions.

According to the invention there is provided an object handling system comprising two substantially perpendicular sets of rails forming a grid above a plurality of stacked containers, a portion of the stack comprising bins of a larger cross sectional area than the containers in the remainder of the stack, the handling system further comprising a plurality of robotic load handling devices operating on the grid above the stacked containers, the load handling devices comprising a body mounted on wheels, a first set of wheels being arranged to engage with at least two rails of the first set of rails, the second set of wheels being arranged to engage with at least two rails of the second set of rails, the first set of wheels being independently moveable and driveable with respect to the second set of wheels such that when in motion only one set of wheels is engaged with the grid at any one time thereby enabling movement of the load handling device along the rails to any point on the grid by driving only the set of wheels engaged with the rails, at least one robotic handling device operable on the grid being sized so as to lift and move containers from within the portion of the stack comprising large containers.

According to the invention there is further provided a robotic load handling device comprising a body having a cavity, the body comprising two sets of wheels mounted on perpendicular sides of the body, each set of wheels being independently retractable and driveable with respect to the other set of wheels, the cavity in the body being sized so as to accept containers from an object picking system, the object handling system comprising a grid disposed above a plurality of stacks of containers, the cavity in the body being sized to accept containers of a cross sectional area defined by an integer number of grid spacings in the object handling system.

In this way, the height of a container is no longer constrained by the dimensions of the robotic load handler. With taller containers, for instance 600×400×800 mm, it would be possible to handle many of the items which would not fit in the normal container.

The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a frame structure for housing a plurality of stacks of bins in a known storage system;

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of part of the frame structure of FIG. 1;

FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) are schematic perspective views, from the rear and front respectively, of one form of robotic load handling device for use with the frame structure of FIGS. 1 and 2, and FIG. 3(c) is a schematic perspective view of the known load handler device in use lifting a bin;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a known storage system comprising a plurality of load handler devices of the type shown in FIGS. 3(a), 3(b) and 3(c), installed on the frame structure of FIGS. 1 and 2,

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a known storage system comprising a plurality of load handling devices of the type shown in FIGS. 3(a), 3(b), and 3(c) installed on the frame structure of FIGS. 1 and 2, the frame structure containing bins of varying dimensions;

FIG. 6a is a schematic perspective representation of a normal bin, 6 b is a schematic perspective representation of a taller bin of different dimensions capable of carrying goods of larger sizes for movement by a load handler of one form of the invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a load handling device in accordance with one form of the invention capable of transporting a bin as shown in FIG. 6b

FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a mixture of load handling devices as shown in FIG. 7 operational on a grid with load handling devices of a normal size, the stack containing bins of normal and tall dimensions,

FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a load handling device of a second form of the invention in operation on a grid as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the second form of load handling device being larger in all dimensions than a normal load handling device (also shown for comparison)

FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of a selection of large containers of different dimensions to a normal bin that it would be possible to store in the stack for retrieval by a load handling device in accordance with further forms of the invention

FIG. 11 is a schematic representation of a large load handling device lifting a large container in accordance with a third embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic representation of a large load handling device in accordance with one form of the invention lifting a large bin from a stack of large bins of different heights.

FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of a grid system with areas for large bins and some stations for large bins, along with areas and stations containing only normal sized bins and load handling devices.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, stackable containers, known as bins 10, are stacked on top of one another to form stacks 12. The stacks 12 are arranged in a grid frame structure 14 in a warehousing or manufacturing environment. FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the frame structure 14, and FIG. 2 is a top-down view showing a single stack 12 of bins 10 arranged within the frame structure 14. Each bin 10 typically holds a plurality of product items (not shown), and the product items within a bin 10 may be identical, or may be of different product types depending on the application.

The frame structure 14 comprises a plurality of upright members 16 that support horizontal members 18, 20. A first set of parallel horizontal members 18 is arranged perpendicularly to a second set of parallel horizontal members 20 to form a plurality of horizontal grid structures supported by the upright members 16. The members 16, 18, 20 are typically manufactured from metal. The bins 10 are stacked between the members 16, 18, 20 of the frame structure 14, so that the frame structure 14 guards against horizontal movement of the stacks 12 of bins 10, and guides vertical movement of the bins 10.

The top level of the frame structure 14 includes rails 22 arranged in a grid pattern across the top of the stacks 12. Referring additionally to FIGS. 3 and 4, the rails 22 support a plurality of robotic load handling devices 30. A first set 22 a of parallel rails 22 guide movement of the load handling devices 30 in a first direction (X) across the top of the frame structure 14, and a second set 22 b of parallel rails 22, arranged perpendicular to the first set 22 a, guide movement of the load handling devices 30 in a second direction (Y), perpendicular to the first direction. In this way, the rails 22 allow movement of the load handling devices 30 in two dimensions in the X-Y plane, so that a load handling device 30 can be moved into position above any of the stacks 12.

Each load handling device 30 comprises a vehicle 32 which is arranged to travel in the X and Y directions on the rails 22 of the frame structure 14, above the stacks 12. A first set of wheels 34, consisting of a pair of wheels 34 on the front of the vehicle 32 and a pair of wheels 34 on the back of the vehicle 32, are arranged to engage with two adjacent rails of the first set 22 a of rails 22. Similarly, a second set of wheels 36, consisting of a pair of wheels 36 on each side of the vehicle 32, are arranged to engage with two adjacent rails of the second set 22 b of rails 22. Each set of wheels 34, 36 can be lifted and lowered, so that either the first set of wheels 34 or the second set of wheels 36 is engaged with the respective set of rails 22 a, 22 b at any one time.

When the first set of wheels 34 is engaged with the first set of rails 22 a and the second set of wheels 36 are lifted clear from the rails 22, the wheels 34 can be driven, by way of a drive mechanism (not shown) housed in the vehicle 32, to move the load handling device 30 in the X direction. To move the load handling device 30 in the Y direction, the first set of wheels 34 are lifted clear of the rails 22, and the second set of wheels 36 are lowered into engagement with the second set of rails 22 a. The drive mechanism can then be used to drive the second set of wheels 36 to achieve movement in the Y direction.

In this way, one or more robotic load handling devices 30 can move around the top surface of the stacks 12 on the frame structure 14 under the control of a central picking system (not shown). Each robotic load handling device 30 is provided with means for lifting out one or more bins or containers from the stack to access the required products. In this way, multiple products can be accessed from multiple locations in the grid and stacks at any one time.

It will be noted from the description above and with reference to the drawings, that the portion of the load handling device 30 carried by the wheels covers one grid spacing of the grid system above the stack.

FIG. 4 shows a typical storage system as described above, the system having a plurality of load handling devices 30 active on the stacks 12.

In a first embodiment of the invention, a taller robotic load handler is used. The tall robotic load handler device 50, will now be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8. All items common to the load handling device described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 will bear the same reference numbers.

These taller load handling devices are sized so as to carry bins similar to those shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 7 shows a tall load handling device lifting a tall bin. On lifting the bin to the top of the stack, the bin locates within the body of the load handling device. The load handling device 50 retains the same dimensions as a normal load handling device, in that the wheeled portion of the device occupies one grid spacing of the track system above the stacked bins. In this way, the stacks can contain bins of differing heights, the tall load handling device being moved to a grid spacing to remove a tall bin as and when required. Normal height devices can continue to remove normal height bins as required.

FIG. 8 shows a number of tall load handling devices operable on a grid above a stack together with a number of normal sized load handling devices. It will be noted that the stack contains bins of differing heights. However, all the bins occupy a position in the stack with a footprint of a single grid spacing.

It will be appreciated that these taller load handlers may have inferior mechanical stability, compared to the normal robotic load handlers, but this could be acceptable if acceleration and speed are adequately reduced.

For items, which are larger still another embodiment of the present invention offers a solution with a robotic load handler which straddles more than one grid space. This can for example be 2, 4, 6, 8 or 9 grid spaces, representing 2×1, 1×2, 2×2, 2×3 or 4×2, 2×4 or 3×3 grid spaces. In the following example only the case of a load handling device with a footprint of 2×2 spaces will described. However, it will be appreciated that the larger load handling device described may occupy any number of grid spacings. In order to make best use of an integrated system for both normal and larger robotic load handlers, these large load handling devices 50 a would be designed to travel on the same grid structure as the normal load handlers, as shown in FIG. 9.

The large load handling device may be provided with multiple sets of wheels 34, 36

As can be seen in FIG. 9, the larger 2×2 grid spacing footprint load handling device can be operable on a grid with other normal single grid spacing footprint load handling devices. The 2×2 load handling device 50 a is provided with a first set of wheels 34, consisting of a number of pairs of wheels 34 on opposing parallel sides of the vehicle 50 a. The wheels 34 are arranged to engage with three adjacent rails of the first set 22 a of rails 22.

Similarly, a second set of pairs of wheels 36 is provided, this set consisting of pairs of wheels 36 on opposing sides of the vehicle, these opposing sides being substantially perpendicular to the first set of opposing sides of the vehicle. The wheels 36, are arranged to engage with two adjacent rails of the second set 22 b of rails 22.

Each set of wheels 34, 36 can be lifted and lowered, so that either the first set of wheels 34 or the second set of wheels 36 is engaged with the respective set of rails 22 a, 22 b at any one time.

As shown in FIG. 9, the large load handling device can operate on the same grid as normal load handling devices. However, in FIG. 9, the device would lift multiple containers of single grid spacing size.

As shown in FIG. 11, in use, the large load handling device can lift containers approximately 300×900 mm given that a normal container located in a single grid spacing is 600×400 mm and the space between stacks is 100 mm. These 2×2 grid spacing containers could then come in different heights, to accommodate different size products. For example the heights of these large containers could be 300, 500 and 1000 mm as shown in FIG. 10.

The larger 2×2 grid spacing bins shown in FIG. 10 cannot be stacked in stacks with smaller 1×1 grid spacing bins. Conversely, a normal 1×1 grid spacing load handling device cannot traverse the space above the stacks of large containers. A typical system according to this embodiment of the present invention would have the bulk of the facility dedicated to normal containers and normal robotic load handlers. There would be a small number of work stations for goods-in, picking/packing and dispatch designed for the larger container and a relatively small section of the storage space and associated grid above dedicated to large containers. This arrangement is shown in FIGS. 12 and 13.

In use, the large robotic load handling device operates on the grid above the stack as normal but only lifts large bins from the stack at a location where the stack solely contains bins of a larger footprint and multiple heights.

The load handling device lifts the larger bins from the stack in to a cavity within the body of the load handling device such that the bin is lifted clear of the grid above the stacks.

It will be appreciated that the robotic load handling devices described above are embodiments of the invention only. Load handling devices may be considered that can carry bins of any multiple of grid spacings in area with multiple height possibilities.

The picking system described above may relate to an order picking system such as those devised for online retailing or may relate to systems such as parcel handling and sorting systems. It will be appreciated that the invention applies to any system where items are stored in containers in a stacked structure and may be accessed by robotic handling devices. 

1-8. (canceled)
 9. An object handling system comprising: two substantially perpendicular sets of rails forming a grid above a plurality of stacks of containers, a spacing of the perpendicular sets of rails defining a grid spacing; a plurality of a first robotic load handling devices for operation on the grid above the stacks of containers, the load handling devices each including a body mounted on wheels, the body having lifting means for lifting a container from a stack of containers, the wheels including a first set of wheels arranged to engage with at least two rails of the first set of rails and a second set of wheels arranged to engage with at least two rails of the second set of rails, the first set of wheels being independently moveable and driveable with respect to the second set of wheels such that when in motion only one set of wheels will engage with the grid at any one time thereby enabling movement of the load handling devices along the rails by driving only the set of wheels engaged with the rails, wherein a portion of the stacks are configured to include containers of a larger cross sectional area than containers in a remainder of the stacks; and at least one second robotic load handling device for operation on the grid and being configured so as to lift and move containers from within the portion of the stacks configured to include large containers, the spacing of the perpendicular rails above the stacks of large containers defining a grid spacing being configured to accommodate the large containers.
 10. An object handling system according to claim 9, wherein the at least one second load handling device comprises: a body spanning approximately 1×2, 2×2, 2×3, or 3×3 grid spacings, said grid spacings being defined by the spacing of the sets of substantially perpendicular rails.
 11. An object handling system according to claim 9, configured such that the containers when transported by a load handling device will be located within a substantially centrally positioned cavity of the body of the load handling device.
 12. An object handling system according to claim 9, wherein at least one load handling device comprises: lifting means for lifting and transporting containers of a plurality of different heights.
 13. An object handling system according to claim 9, wherein a majority of the system is configured to: accommodate containers of a single predetermined size, the remainder of the system being configured to accommodate a minority of containers of varying cross sectional areas and or heights, said minority of containers to be stored in stacks accessed by load handling devices configured to lift and transport such variably sized containers.
 14. An object handling system comprising: two substantially perpendicular sets of rails forming a grid above a plurality of stacks of containers, a spacing of the perpendicular sets of rails defining a grid spacing, a portion of the stacks being configured to accommodate containers of a height greater than a height of containers in a remainder of the stacks; and a plurality of first robotic load handling devices and at least one second robotic load handling device for operation on the grid above stacks of containers, the load handling devices having a body mounted on wheels, a first set of the wheels being arranged to engage with at least two rails of the first set of rails, a second set of the wheels being arranged to engage with at least two rails of the second set of rails, the first set of wheels being configured to be independently moveable and driveable with respect to the second set of wheels such that when in motion only one set of wheels will engage with the grid at any one time thereby enabling movement of the load handling device along the rails to any point on the grid by driving only the set of wheels engaged with the rails, wherein the said at least one second robotic handling device operable on the grid is configured to lift and move containers of variable heights from within the portion of the system configured to include said containers.
 15. A robotic load handling device comprising: a body having a cavity, the body including two sets of wheels mounted on perpendicular sides of the body, each set of wheels being independently retractable and driveable with respect to the other set of wheels, the cavity in the body being sized so as to accept containers from an object handling system, the object handling system comprising: a grid disposed above a plurality of locating for receiving stacks of containers, the cavity in the body being sized to accept containers of a cross sectional area defined by an integer number more than one of grid spacings in the object handling system.
 16. A robotic load handling device according to claim 15, wherein the body comprises: lifting means for lifting and transporting containers of a plurality of different heights. 